Base de connaissances

Introduction

MariaDB is an open-source database management system, commonly installed as part of the popular LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It uses a relational database and SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage its data. MariaDB is a fork of MySQL managed by the original MySQL developers. It's designed as a replacement for MySQL, uses some commands that reference mysql, and is the default package on CentOS 7.

In this tutorial, we will explain how to install the latest version of MariaDB on a CentOS 7 server. If you specifically need MySQL, see the How to Install MySQL on CentOS 7 guide. If you're wondering about MySQL vs. MariaDB, MariaDB is the preferred package and should work seamlessly in place of MySQL.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need:

• A CentOS 7 with a non-root user with sudo privileges. You can learn more about how to set up a user with these privileges in the Initial Server Setup with CentOS 7 guide.

Step 1 — Installing MariaDB

We'll use Yum to install the MariaDB package, pressing y when prompted to confirm that we wish to proceed:

• sudo yum install mariadb-server

Once the installation is complete, we'll start the daemon with the following command:

• sudo systemctl start mariadb

systemctl doesn't display the outcome of all service management commands, so to be sure we succeeded, we'll use the following command:

• sudo systemctl status mariadb

If MariaDB has successfully started, the output should contain "Active: active (running)` and the final line should look something like:

• Dec 01 19:06:20 centos-512mb-sfo2-01 systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.

Next, let's take a moment to ensure that MariaDB starts at boot, using the systemctl enable command, which will create the necessary symlinks.

• sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

Next, we'll turn our attention to securing our installation.

Step 3 — Securing the MariaDB Server

MariaDB includes a security script to change some of the less secure default options for things like remote root logins and sample users. Use this command to run the security script:

• sudo mysql_secure_installation

The script provides a detailed explanation for every step. The first prompts asks for the root password, which hasn't been set so we'll press ENTER as it recommends. Next, we'll be prompted to set that root password, which we'll do.

Then, we'll accept all the security suggestions by pressing Y and then ENTER for the remaining prompts, which will remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, remove the test database, and reload the privilege tables.

Finally, now that we've secured the installation, we'll verify it's working.

Step 4 — Testing the Installation

We can verify our installation and get information about it by connecting with the mysqladmin tool, a client that lets you run administrative commands. Use the following command to connect to MariaDB as root (-u root), prompt for a password (-p), and return the version.

• mysqladmin -u root -p version

You should see output similar to this:

mysqladmin  Ver 9.0 Distrib 5.5.50-MariaDB, for Linux on x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.


Server version          5.5.50-MariaDB
Protocol version        10
Connection              Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket             /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 4 min 4 sec


Threads: 1  Questions: 42  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 1  Flush tables: 2  Open tables: 27  Queries per second avg: 0.172

This indicates the installation has been successful.